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Fleas are more than just disgusting; they will carry several serious diseases, parasites and even weaken your dog’s immune system. Also, fleas can bite the other pets & people in y

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

our house, leading to infestations, allergic reactions and possibly allergies & skin rashes. Fleas can be found almost everywhere on Earth, although they are usually more abundant

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

n warm climates and in more southern or tropical locations. Keep in mind that dogs in kennels or anywhere where they frequently interact with other dogs are at a higher risk for fl

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

a infestations since not all dog owners are responsible with flea prevention.

Luckily, there are many effective topical solutions and other vet prescribed treatments to control &

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

liminate fleas in the house and on your dog’s body. Several of the herbal and homeopathic flea controls are not quite as effective but still serve a purpose. There are also many in

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

ffective and bogus over-the-counter flea control products that just don’t work. Before picking flea control program, discuss with your vet and decide what will be the best approach

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

for you and your dog.

The Life Cycle of a Flea

Despite being very annoying, fleas really do have an amazing life cycle and it is easy to see why they are so abundant around the w

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

orld. A flea’s whole lifecycle protects them and gives them the best possible opportunity to reproduce, which they do in very large numbers. To understand the life cycle of the fle

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

the stages will be outlined below:

Eggs – the eggs are spawned in your dog’s hair and are not attached to the root, instead, they are just deposited on the skin. This means that

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

he eggs can drop off the dog onto bedding (yours or theirs), furniture, or even onto other pets. These eggs can survive for years under the right conditions. Each female flea can l

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

y roughly 15-20 eggs per day and about 600 eggs during her entire lifespan. The eggs hatch very quickly in time periods ranging from a two days to two weeks, depending on the clima

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

e and other conditions.

Larva – roughly 30% of the fleas on a dog are in the larva stage at any given time. There are actually three distinct stages to larva but it is essential t

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

understand that the larva are blind and avoid light at all costs. Dark areas are where they prefer to live. Creases in bedding and furniture are prime locations for larva to be di

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

covered. They eat dried blood found in adult flea feces and dead skin. During this time they are not a true since they do not really suck blood or affect the dog’s health. The lar

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

va stage will last between two weeks to a month or longer.

Pupa – the larva spins a cocoon and develops for between five days to fourteen days. During this time they do not eat an

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

thing but the cocoon might cause irritation to the dog’s skin if it is on the body or in the bedding.

Adult fleas – adult fleas are the ones that do the biting and cause irritatio

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

. They bite the skin & suck small amounts of blood from the host, be it a dog, cat, other animal or human. Fleas will cause allergic reactions in most species that lead to scabs, d

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

y and flaky patches of skin and possibly hair loss. Adult fleas will not reproduce without ingesting blood, but they can drop into a form of hibernation for many months if there is

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

no blood available.

Be sure to plan for routine flea control and management for your dog. Carefully watch for any of the signs of fleas, like flea dirt, in the dog’s coat. Flea di

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

t looks like small round dark balls that appear similar to large, black sand grains close to the skin. This is a positive sign of flea infestations and requires immediate treatment

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

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